福建农业学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (12): 1280-1286.doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.12.009

• 园艺科学 • 上一篇    

梨树空芽现象调查与分析

曾少敏1, 王国平2, 刘奇志3, 林坚贞4, 黄新忠1, 张长和5   

  1. 1. 福建省农业科学院果树研究所, 福建 福州 350013;
    2. 华中农业大学植物科学技术学院, 湖北 武汉 430070;
    3. 中国农业大学植物保护学院, 北京, 100094;
    4. 福建省农业科学院植物保护研究所, 福建 福州 350013;
    5. 福建省建宁县农业局, 福建 建宁 354500
  • 收稿日期:2018-09-04 修回日期:2018-10-18 发布日期:2019-03-27
  • 通讯作者: 黄新忠(1962-),男,研究员,研究方向:落叶果树育种及栽培(E-mail:hxz0117@163.com) E-mail:hxz0117@163.com
  • 作者简介:曾少敏(1987-),男,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向:落叶果树种质资源及栽培(E-mail:zengshaomin1@163.com)
  • 基金资助:
    国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-28-34);福建省财政专项——福建省农业科学院科技创新团队建设项目(STIT2017-1-4)

Empty Bud Symptom on Pear Trees

ZENG Shao-min1, WANG Guo-ping2, LIU Qi-zhi3, LIN Jian-zhen4, HUANG Xin-zhong1, ZHANG Chang-he5   

  1. 1. Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350013, China;
    2. College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China;
    3. College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China;
    4. Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350013, China;
    5. Jianning County Bureau of Agriculture, Jianning, Fujian 354500, China
  • Received:2018-09-04 Revised:2018-10-18 Published:2019-03-27

摘要: 2017年福建梨空芽现象发生总面积达14 951.4 hm2,产量损失达5.97万t;空芽现象自花芽开始萌动至显蕾期随着时间的推移逐渐加重;受害植株花期延长5 d以上,其单株花序数、单花序花朵数、单果序结果数与正常植株差异达到极显著水平,分别减少71.02%、55.07%和53.85%;受害花芽症状表现为无梢无花、有梢无花、有花无梢和有梢少花4种类型;不同品种间空芽发生率存在较大差异,避雨栽培、海拔较低、早期落叶发生重的梨园极显著高于对应梨园。对受害梨园空芽发生情况进行田间定点观测,并进行空芽枝条的室内病原、虫原镜检观察分析,送检鉴定的梨空芽样品中,普遍检出包括拟茎点霉、炭疽菌等多种病原,少量空芽中检出存有植食性跗线螨;空芽现象为近年来南方梨树上出现的一种梨花芽衰败现象,症状因芽受害程度不同表现有4种类型,发生程度因品种、栽培模式、海拔高度、早期落叶轻重不同而存在明显差异,初步分析发生诱因为以拟茎点霉为主的致病菌危害所致。本研究探明梨花芽空芽现象的发生规律,分析可能的诱因,为制定梨空芽的合理防控技术措施提供理论依据。

关键词: 梨, 空芽, 症状, 规律, 病原物

Abstract: In search for a means to prevent and control the recently wide-spread empty bud incidents on the pear trees in southern China, the regularity and cause of the disease were investigated. Interviews and field trips at 5 major pear-growing counties including Jianning, Qingliu, Mingxi, Jianou, and Dehua in Fujian, were conducted. And the pathogen isolation, insect dissection and microscopic observation on the collected samples were performed in the laboratory. In 2017, the infected area in the country totaled 14 951.4 hm2 with an estimated loss on fruit yield of 597 000 tons. The disease gradually worsened starting from the floral bud sprouting and flowering periods of the plants. On the affected plants the florescence was prolonged for more than 5d, and the number of inflorescence per plant, flowers per inflorescence, and fruits per infructescence decreased by 71.02%, 55.07% and 53.85%, respectively, as compared to a normal tree, at an extremely significant difference level. The symptoms shown on a plant could be (a) with no new shoots nor flowers, (b) with only new shoots but no flowers, (c) with only flowers but no new shoots, or (c) with new shoots and scant flowers. Significant differences on the occurrence of the empty bud incidents were observed among different varieties. The disease occurred extremely significantly more frequently at orchards that used rain shelters, were located at low altitude, and/or had pear trees that experienced severe early defoliation. Under a microscope, phomopsis, Colletotrichum and 3 other pathogens, as well as the phytophagous tarsonemid mites, were found on the samples of the diseased plants. Serious decline and death of floral buds on the pear trees were resulted in recent years. However, at present the infection could only be preliminarily determined to be phomopsis.

Key words: pear, empty bud, symptom, regularity, pathogen

中图分类号: 

  • S661.2