低碳农业:从理论构想到科学实践的若干问题

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 全球气候变化背景下,"低碳经济"已成为全球热点,被誉为人类第四次"技术革命",温室气体排放已经深度触及了农业和粮食安全。低碳农业成为经济社会发展的必然趋势。当前,低碳农业已由理论构想转向了科学实践,其发展途径主要包括:(1)发展新型能源,推广清洁技术;(2)优化耕作制度,提高复种指数;(3)培育优良品种,延长减排链条;(4)改进施肥技术,优化养分管理;(5)实施保护耕作,减少碳素流失;(6)合理开发草业,保护草地资源;(7)发展生物能源,推行过腹还田;(8)整治养殖污染,实施规模养殖。发展低碳农业的保障机制主要涉及:(1)完善相关法律法规;(2)转变农业发展方式;(3)大力依靠科技进步;(4)民众广泛参与。发展低碳农业、实现资源的可持续利用,对增强农业的基础地位、通过农业措施来缓减全球气候变化具有重要的战略意义。

关键词: 全球变化, 温室气体, 低碳经济, 低碳农业, 发展模式

Abstract: Low-carbon economy has become a global hot spot,known as the Fourth Technological Revolution under global climate change.At present,greenhouse gas emissions have already imperiled agriculture and food security.Low-carbon agriculture becomes the inevitable trend of economic and social development.Currently,the concept of low-carbon agriculture has turned from scientific theory to practices,including its approach to development:(1)development of new energy resources,promoting clean technologies;(2)optimize the farming systems,raising multiple cropping index;(3)develop and popularize fine varieties to extend the chain of emission reduction;(4)improve the fertilization techniques,optimize the nutrient management;(5)implementation of conservation tillage,reduce carbon loss;(6)rational development of grass industry,protection of grassland resources;(7)development of bio-energy resources,raising the application of cattle manure;(8)farming pollution remediation and extending scale livestock breeding.Safeguard mechanisms of the low-carbon agriculture development include:(1)improve relevant laws and regulations;(2)the adjustment of economic growth mode;(3)rely on scientific and technological progress;(4)increase public participation.Development of low-carbon agriculture is important for sustainable use of resources and enhanced the agriculture foundation,through agricultural measures to mitigate global climate change has important strategic significance.

Key words: global change, greenhouse gases, low-carbon economy, low-carbon agriculture, development model

中图分类号:

F320.7

王成己, 王义祥, 黄毅斌, 翁伯琦. 低碳农业:从理论构想到科学实践的若干问题[J]. 福建农业学报, 2011, (3): 470-474.

WANG Cheng-ji, WANG Yi-xiang, HUANG Yi-bin, WENG Bo-qi. Issues on Low-carbon Agriculture:From Theory to Practices[J]. Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2011, (3): 470-474.

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