含氨基酸水溶性肥料对巨峰葡萄的影响

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.07.005

福建农业学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (7): 782-789.doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.07.005

含氨基酸水溶性肥料对巨峰葡萄的影响

刘鑫铭^1,2, 陈婷^1,2, 刘锡铭³, 雷龑^1,2

1. 福建省农业科学院果树研究所, 福建福州 350013;
2. 福建省落叶果树工程技术研究中心, 福建福州 350013;
3. 河南科技大学食品与生物工程学院, 河南洛阳 471023

收稿日期:2019-05-28 修回日期:2019-06-12 出版日期:2019-07-20 发布日期:2019-10-14
通讯作者: 雷龑(1979-),男,副研究员,博士研究生,研究方向:果树育种及栽培技术(E-mail:lxmy2010@163.com) E-mail:lxmy2010@163.com
作者简介:刘鑫铭(1986-),女,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向:果树育种及栽培技术(E-mail:liuxinming204@163.com)
基金资助:
福建省科技计划项目——省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项（2019R1028-6）；福建省财政专项——福建省农业科学院科技创新团队建设项目（STIT2017-3-6）；现代农业产业技术体系建设专项（CARS-29）

Effects of Spraying Water-soluble, Amino Acids-containing Fertilizer on Kyoho Grape Vines

LIU Xin-ming^1,2, CHEN Ting^1,2, LIU Xi-ming³, LEI Yan^1,2

1. Fruit Tree Research Institute of Agriculture Science Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Fujian 350013, China;
2. Research Centre for Engineering Technology of Fujian Deciduous Fruits, Fuzhou, Fujian 350013, China;
3. College of Food and Bioengineering, He'nan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, He'nan 471023, China

Received:2019-05-28 Revised:2019-06-12 Online:2019-07-20 Published:2019-10-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要： [目的] 探讨不同含氨基酸水溶性肥料处理对葡萄物候期、植株生长量、叶片质量、果实外观及内在品质等的综合影响。[方法] 以5年生避雨设施栽培巨峰葡萄为材料，于始花期开始每15 d喷施1次，共喷施3次含氨基酸水溶性肥料。[结果] 葡萄叶面喷施含氨基酸水溶性肥料可提早果实成熟期，促进果皮着色，加速结果枝和营养枝成熟老化，增大叶片厚度及新梢粗度，提升果实可溶性固形物含量作用显著。不同处理间以处理4（氨基酸≥ 100 g·L^-1，黄腐酸≥ 100 g·L^-1，微量元素B+Fe+Zn+Mn ≥ 20 g·L^-1）效果最佳：可使巨峰葡萄成熟上市时期提早12 d，叶片厚度、新梢粗度、叶面积和叶绿素含量显著提升，有力地促进了植株光合作用。该处理一年生结果枝和营养枝成熟度分别达到90%和76%，对营养积累及翌年成花具有积极意义。[结论] 喷施后巨峰葡萄果皮紫黑色，可溶性固形物质量分数18.1%，固酸比值54.66，每667 m²产值2万余元，经济效益显著提升。

关键词: 含氨基酸水溶性肥料, 巨峰葡萄, 生长, 果实品质, 影响

Abstract: [Objective] Effects of spraying water-soluble, amino acids-containing fertilizer on the phenophase and leaves of the vines, as well as the appearance and fruit quality of Kyoho grapes, were studied.[Method] Five-year-old Kyoho grapevines cultivated in a rain-free shelter were sprayed 3 times with water-soluble, amino acids-containing fertilizers in 15 d intervals after the beginning of flowering. The vine growth, leaf properties, and fruit quality were monitored for comparison.[Result] Directly spraying the fertilizers on leaf surface hastened the fruit maturation, promoted the peel coloration, accelerated the maturity and aging of fruit-bearing and vegetative branches, increased the leaf thickness and shoot girth, and significantly raised the soluble solid content in fruit. Among the 4 differently formulated fertilizers, Treatment 4 (containing amino acid ≥ 100 g·L^-1, yellow humic acid ≥ 100 g·L^-1, trace element combination of B, Fe, Zn and Mn ≥ 20 g·L^-1) was found to allow the grapes mature for market 12 d earlier than control. The treatment also significantly increased the leaf thickness, shoot girth, leaf area, and chlorophyll content benefitting photosynthesis. Meanwhile, it enabled 90% of the one-year-old and 76% of the vegetative branches on the vines to reach maturity significantly facilitating nutrient accumulation and flowering for the following year.[Conclusion] The Kyoho grapes of Treatment 4 had the desirably dark purple color, of appealing eating quality with 18.1% soluble solids and a soluble solid:acid ratio of 54.66, and a high gross revenue of 20 000 yuan per 667 m².

Key words: water-soluble, amino acids-containing fertilizer, kyoho grape, growth, fruit quality, effects

中图分类号:

S663.1

刘鑫铭, 陈婷, 刘锡铭, 雷龑. 含氨基酸水溶性肥料对巨峰葡萄的影响[J]. 福建农业学报, 2019, 34(7): 782-789.

LIU Xin-ming, CHEN Ting, LIU Xi-ming, LEI Yan. Effects of Spraying Water-soluble, Amino Acids-containing Fertilizer on Kyoho Grape Vines[J]. Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 34(7): 782-789.

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含氨基酸水溶性肥料对巨峰葡萄的影响

Effects of Spraying Water-soluble, Amino Acids-containing Fertilizer on Kyoho Grape Vines

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